I'm thinking of expanding my organic vegetable garden. Part of the plan is a 24" border around a portion of my in-ground, chlorinated pool. This border would be 30" away from the actual pool due to the surrounding sidewalk. What potential damage, if any, is there from splashed pool water on vegetables?

you just said it..chlorinated pool. I wouldn't eat what comes out of the garden personally.

The splash of saltwater on herbs/vegetables may burn or kill them.

In addition, salt water pools are not without chlorine, they just don't need chlorine added as the salt in combination of a device called a generator, manufacture the chlorine.